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Albeniz, Isaac (1860-1909) :
Isaac Albeniz wrote extensively for the piano, and his best-known works use Spanish folk dances as their inspiration. The following popular piece, which appears in two different suites evoking the sounds of Spain, has been arranged and played by Segovia on Guitar but presented here in its original piano form.
• Leyenda (for piano)
Bach, Johann Sebastian (1685-1750) :
Johann Sebastian Bach is the most famous member of a very musical German family. His wrote for many instruments and combinations, and his keyboard works include many for Organ and Clavier. Here you'll find his best-known organ work, and a number of keyboard works from his sets of Inventions and the 48 Preludes and Fugues which come in 2 books of 24 each.
• Toccata and Fugue in Dm for Organ
• Prelude No. 1 from Book 1 of the 48
• Prelude No. 2 from Book 1 of the 48 and alternative electronic version
• Fugue No. 2 from Book 1 of the 48
• Prelude No. 3 from Book 1 of the 48
• Prelude No. 6 from Book 1 of the 48
• Fugue No. 10 from Book 1 of the 48
• Prelude No. 14 from Book 1 of the 48
• Fugue No. 14 from Book 1 of the 48
• Prelude No. 2 from Book 2 of the 48
• Fugue No. 2 from Book 2 of the 48
• Prelude No. 12 from Book 2 of the 48
• Two-part Invention No. 4 and alternative electronic version
• Two-part Invention No. 13

Bach family:
J. S. Bach's second wife, Anna Magdalena kept a notebook of simple keyboard tunes which were formerly catalogued as Bach's work, and given "BWV" numbers by Wolfgang Schmieder. Most of these were not composed by J. S. Bach or A. M. Bach but by their sons, pupils or friends. These four pieces are from the second notebook of Anna Magdalena.
• No. 4, Minuet by Christian Pezold
• No. 7, Minuet by Unknown
• No. 16, March by C. P. E. Bach (son)
• No. 22, Musette by Unknown

Beethoven, Ludwig van (1770-1827) :
Ludwig van Beethoven represents a turning point in musical history as a composer who made his music express deep feelings in a way which was much more direct and vivid than the classical way. Fur Elise is a small piano piece which is not really typical of his work yet is well-known as an relatively easy piece for budding pianists to play. The Moonlight Sonata is particularly well-known for its first movement. We also present movements from two of his Symphonies as excellent contrasting examples of his orchestral symphonic output.
• Minuet in G (original for Piano) and Minuet in G (arranged for Flute and Piano)
• Moonlight Sonata (piano), 1st movement or our alternative electronic version
• Fur Elise, for piano
• Violin Sonata No. 1, 1st movement
• Symphony No. 7 in A, 2nd movement
• Symphony No. 5 in Cm, 1st movement

Bizet, Georges (1838-1875) :
Best known for his operas, and Carmen in particular, Georges Bizet also composed songs, orchestral and keyboard works. Jeux d'Enfants (Children's Games) is a suite of 12 pieces for piano duet, and we provide two of these here:
• La Toupie (The Top)
• La Poupée (The Doll)

Boccherini, Luigi (1743-1805) :
Luigi Boccherini was an Italian-born composer who toured Europe before settling in Spain. He was a contemporary of Haydn and wrote lots of works for String Quartet and String Quintet. His most famous piece is the Minuet from one of his String Quintets.
• Boccherini's Minuet from the String Quintet Op.13 No.5

Brahms, Johannes (1833-1897) :
Johannes Brahms extended the classical traditions creating powerful symphonies and concertos. He also composed many shorter works including songs, chamber music for strings and numerous works for his favourite instrument, the piano. Here is one from his set of 16 waltzes and the opening movement of his first Cello Sonata:
• Waltz No. 15
• Cello Sonata Op.38 (1st movement)

Byrd, William (1542-1623 ?) :
William Byrd is an English composer, most of whose output is church music. He is believed to have studied under Thomas Tallis.
• Pavan, The Earle of Salisbury

Chopin, Frederic (1810-1849) :
Frederic Chopin was born in Poland and moved to Paris in the middle of his short life. Although he wrote for other instruments and orchestral works, he is most famous for his piano writing. The preludes below are from his set of 24 in each key (following the example set by Bach in his Preludes and Fugues).
• Prelude No. 4
• Prelude No. 6
• Prelude No. 7
• Prelude No. 15 (The "Raindrop")
• Prelude No. 20 or alternative electronic version
• Waltz Op.18 (Grande Brillante) or our whacky alternative electronic version
• The "Minute" Waltz Op. 64 No. 1
• Waltz in C# minor Op. 64 No. 2
• Etude in C# minor Op. 10 No. 4






Debussy, Claude (1862-1918) :
Claude Debussy is associated with the impressionist movement in music which mirrored that in art and also seemed to centre itself in France. As well as orchestral works and works for various instruments, Debussy wrote extensively for the piano including the following works.
• Arabeque No. 1 from Deux Arabesque and our alternative electronic version
• Golliwog's Cakewalk from Children's Corner
• Clair de Lune from Suite Bergamasque

Dvorak, Antonin (1841-1904) :
Antonin Dvorak was famous for his use of National music styles into Classical Music, such as his "Slavonic Dances". This example is his much loved slow movement from his "New World Symphony".
• Symphony No.9 in Em (2nd movement)

Grieg, Edvard (1843-1907) :
Edvard Grieg introduced the styles of Norwegian folk music to his works. As a pianist himself he composed many smaller works for piano including the "Lyric Pieces".
• Arietta (Op.12 No.1) from the "Lyric Pieces" for Piano
• Notturno (Op.54 No.4) from the "Lyric Pieces" for Piano
• Notturno (Op.54 No.4) arranged for Violin and Piano from the "Lyric Pieces"
• Wedding Day at Troldhaugen (Op.65 No.6) from the "Lyric Pieces" for Piano

Haydn, Franz Joseph (1732-1809) :
Joseph Haydn was a key figure during the Classical Period. He composed many Symphonies, Sonatas and String Quartets. Here is an example from one of his keyboard sonatas.
• Piano Sonata No.31 in A-flat (first movement)

Mahler, Gustav (1860-1911) :
The Symphonies of Gustav Mahler are quite large, and we can only provide some samples here. Among these examples we demonstrate Mahler's take on the well-known children's song "Frere Jaques", and examples used in adverts, on TV and on film. The example from his 5th symphony was used as the them tune in the film "Death in Venice".
• Symphony 1, 2nd movement extract
• Symphony 1, 3rd movement extract
• Symphony 5, 4th movement extract
• Symphony 7, 2nd movement extract








Mendelssohn, Felix (1809-1847) :
Felix Mendelssohn was a German composer, who like many others established his musical credentials at a young age, and died before reaching old age. Among other forms, he wrote several sets of piano pieces called "Songs without Words". These pieces are literally that, because they have a melodic "song" and an "accompaniment" all played on the piano. But the first item by Mendelssohn is the popular Christmas Carol:
• Hark! The Herald Angels Sing
• Wedding March from A Midsummer Night's Dream
• Song Without Words Op. 16 No. 6 - Venetian Boat Song No. 1
• Song Without Words Op. 53 No. 5 - Folk Song
• Song Without Words Op. 67 No. 4 - Spinning Song (or Bee's Wedding)
• Song Without Words Op. 85 No. 2 - The Adieu
• Song Without Words Op. 102 No. 6 - Faith

Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus (1756-1791):
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born into a musical family, and as a child prodigy performed regularly throughout Europe as well as his native Austria. During his short life he was prolific as a composer using many forms, and did much to shape the development of music. While the two minuets below were composed at a very young age, the Sonata in C was composed in a simple style as a piece suitable for a developing player. The Rondo Alla Turca (in the Turkish style) comes from another piano sonata and is also well-known. The Piano Concerto movement below was used in the film "Elvira Madigan".
• Minuet in F (K.2) composed at age 5 (or arrangement for recorder duet and piano accompaniment)
• Minuet and Trio in G (K.1) composed at age 6 (or arrangement for recorder duet and piano accompaniment)
• Rondo Alla Turca, from Piano Sonata in A
• Sonata in C, 1st movement or our alternative electronic version
• Piano Concerto No. 21, 2nd movement
• Eine Kleine Nachtmusik (1st movement), original version for string orchestra

Mussorgsky, Modeste (1839-1881):
Belonging to the group of Russian composers known as "The Five", Mussorgsky's music gets its typical Russian sound from the use of folk music. Pictures at an Exhibition was written following a visit to an art exhibition, the promenade theme representing a person strolling through the gallery and reacting to the pictures on display. As a piano piece full of colour and contrasts, Pictures at an Exhibition was ripe for orchestration, most famously by Ravel.
• Promenade from "Pictures at an exhibition" and our alternative electronic version

Pachelbel, Johann (1653-1706):
Although Johann Pachelbel composed other music, to many musicians he is known for only one work, this Canon. Originally written for 3 violins and a continuo part, the Canon consists of 28 strict variations, part of his "Canon and Gigue in D", and has become quite a famous work appearing in lots of places. Here it has been arranged for keyboard using a smaller number of variations.
• Canon in D (arranged for piano) and Canon in D (arranged for 4 SATB recorders)





Purcell, Henry (1659-1695):
Like many English composers in the 16th and 17th centuries, many of Henry Purcell's works were for the church, but he also composed material for Royal occasions and the theatre. This rondeau was used as the theme for Benjamin Britten's variations known as the Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra.
• Rondeau (arranged for piano) and Rondeau (arranged for 4 SATB recorders)

Saint-Saens, Camille (1835-1921):
Among much output from the musical career of Camille Saint-Saens is the popular work Carnival of the Animals from which the movement "The Elephant" is taken. Like that work, his 3rd Symphony also uses a piano (with 2 players) in addition to an organ. Both instruments can be heard in the following extract which was used in the film Babe.
• The Elephant - original (Double Bass and Piano)
• The Elephant - arranged for piano solo
• Symphony No. 3 extract - orchestral
• Symphony No. 3 extract - arranged for Piano or Organ

Satie, Erik (1866-1925):
Erik Satie was a French composer who chose his own path in terms of musical style. In some ways he was revolutionary and in others merely reactionary. However, he showed that it wasn't necessary to use big dramatic orchestral sounds to move an audience, and his output was inspirational to the French impressionists. He composed a number of simple yet unusual piano pieces like the well-known works here.
• Gymnopedie No. 1 for piano
• Gnossienne No. 1 for piano

Schubert, Franz (1797-1828):
Schubert's tragically short life was spent largely in Vienna, where is composed many songs, symphonies, and chamber works for small groups or solo instruments including many for piano. In style he follows on from the traditions of Mozart and Beethoven, yet he did introduce some unique features, such as unusual chord and key changes, and a broad sense of time.
• Impromptu No. 2 from the 1st Set
• Moments Musicals No. 5 (of 6)
• Marche Militaire Op. 51 No. 1 (piano duet)
• Scherzo from "Death and the Maiden" String Quartet

Schumann, Robert (1810-1856):
Robert Schumann had a wide range of interests but is best known as a composer. Together with his wife Clara he had considerable influence on musical tastes generally and on the direction of individual composers. Both "Scenes from Childhood" and "Album for the Young" are well-known as sources of tuneful pieces to stretch the budding pianist.
• About Strange Lands and People, No. 1 from "Scenes from Childhood"
• Traumerei (or Reverie), No. 7 from "Scenes from Childhood"
• Soldiers' March, No. 2 from "Album for the Young"
• Song of the Reapers, No. 18 from "Album for the Young"

Sor, Fernando (1778-1839):
Fernando Sor was born in Barcelona and lived much of his life in Paris. He wrote a large number of works for classical guitar, among them a number of different sets of Studies for students of the instrument. The following is just a small sample of his output:
• Etude Op.31 No.3 in D
• Etude Op.31 No.6 in Em
• Etude Op.31 No.7 in E
• Etude Op.35 No.1 in C
• Etude Op.35 No.2 in C
• Etude Op.60 No.1 in C
• Mazurka Op.32 No.3

Strauss, Johann (1825-1899):
Sometimes known as "The Waltz King", Johann Strauss composed a number of popular dances and especially Waltzes. His most famous waltz is undoubtedly "The Blue Danube" and here is a simple arrangement of the opening theme:
• The Blue Danube for Violin and Piano

Tallis, Thomas (1505-1585?):
Thomas Tallis, like Byrd, was an English composer devoted to writing works for the church. A few of his works are still used as hymn tunes today. The Third Mode Melody below was used by Ralph Vaughan-Williams as a basis for a work of atmospheric variations.
• Third Mode Melody (for keyboard) or Third Mode Melody (for 4 SATB recorders) or our alternative electronic version
• Tallis' Canon

Tchaikovsky, Pyotr Ilyich (1840-1893):
Among the things that Tchaikovsky was famous for, was the creation of music full of emotion and likeable melodies with inventive orchestration. These characteristics were very obvious in his ballet music which included The Sleeping Beauty", "Swan Lake" and "The Nutcracker". Among the short pieces he used in The Nutcracker was this instantly recognisable one:
• Sugar Plum Fairy
• Waltz (No.8 from his "Album for the Young" Op.38)
• Chanson Triste (Sad Song Op.40 No.2)
Vivaldi, Antonio (1678-1741):
Vivaldi created much musical output, and The Four Seasons is one of his most popular works. It consists of 4 Violin Concertos usually played together as a single work, of which the following is one. It was used to good effect in the early 70s BBC production of Cassanova starring Frank Findlay. A common practice in baroque orchestral music was to have a harpsichord accompany the orchestra, though it is not unusual for this instrument to be completely drowned out at times. The harpsichordist has the bass part and indications of suitable chords to play called a "figured bass", thus allowing for a certain degree of interpretation or even mild improvisation within these confines. A harpsichord part has been created for this version which may differ from those you may have heard in recordings.
• Autumn, from The Four Seasons Op. 8 No. 2

Wagner, Richard (1813-1883):
Richard Wagner holds a pivotal positional in the development of musical thought in general and opera in particular. It is from one of his operas that the following very familiar work comes:
• The Bridal Chorus (from Lohengrin)

MP3 downloads of Electronic Classical Music
And here's our electronic music collected together in one place as part of our Electronic Music article:
• Arabesque No.1 by Claude Debussy
• Promenade from Pictures at an Exhibition by Modest Mussorgsky
• Prelude No.2 from Book 1 by Johann Sebastian Bach
• 2-Part Invention No.4 by Johann Sebastian Bach
• The Moonlight Sonata (1st movement) by Ludwig van Beethoven
• Sonata in C (1st movement) by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
• Third Mode Melody by Thomas Tallis
• Prelude No. 20 by Frederic Chopin
• Waltz Op.18 (Grande Brillante) by Frederic Chopin